General Knowledge Of Muslim Governments

1199 Death of the Khawarzam Shah Tukush Shah; accession of Ala ud Din. Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abu Yusuf Yaqub ; accession of Muhammad Nasir. Conquest of Northern India and Bengal by the Ghurids.

1202 Death of the Ghurid Sultan Ghias ud Din; accession of Mahmud.

1204 Shahab ud Din Ghuri defeated by the Ghuzz Turks.

1206 Death of Shahab ud Din Ghuri. Qutb ud Din Aibik crowned king in Lahore.

1210 Assassination of the Ghurid Sultan MahmUd, accession of Sam. Death of Qutb ud Din Aibak, accession of Aram Shah in India.

1211 End of the Ghurid rule, their territories annexed by the Khawarzam Shahs. In India Aram Shah overthrown by Iltutmish.

1212 Battle of AI Uqab in Spain, end of the AI Mohad rule in Spain. The AI Mohads suffer defeat by the Christians in Spain at the Al-Uqba. The AI Mohad Sultan An Nasir escapes to Morocco where he dies soon after. Accession of his son Yusuf who takes over title of AI Mustansir.

1214 In North Africa death of the AI Mohad ruler Al Nasir, accession of Al Mustansir. The Banu Marin under their leader Abdul Haq occupy the north eastern part of Morocco.

1216 The Banu Marin under their leader Abdul Haq occupy north eastern part of Morocco. The AI Mohads suffer defeat by the Marinids at the battle of Nakur. The Banu Marin defeat the AI Mobads at the battle of Nakur.

1217 The Marinids suffer defeat in the battle fought on the banks of the Sibu river. Abdul Haq is killed and the Marinids evacuate Morocco. In the battle of Sibu the Marinids suffer defeat; their leader Abdul Haq is killed and they evacuate Morocco.

1218 Death of the Ayyubid ruler AI Adil, accession of AI Kamil. The Marinids return to Morocco under their leader Usman and occupy Fez.

1220 Death of the Khawarzam Shah Ala ud Din, accession of Jalal ud Din Mangbarni.

1222 Death of the Zangi ruler Nasir ud Din Mahmud, power captured by Badr ud Din Lulu.

1223 Death of the Al Mohad ruler Muntasir, accession of Abdul Wahid. Death of Yusuf AI Mustansir, accession of Abdul Wahid in Morocco. In Spain a brother of Yusuf declares his independence and assumes the title of AI Adil. In Spain Abu Muhammad overthrows AI Adil. AI Adil escapes to Morocco and overthrows Abdul Wahid.

1224 Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abdul Wahid, accession of Abdullah Adil.

1225 Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI Nasir, accession of AI Mustansir.

1227 Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abdullah Adil, accession of Mustasim. Assassination of Al Adil, accession of his son Yahya who assumes the throne under the name of Al Mustasim.

1229 Death of the AI Mohad ruler Mustasim, accession of Idris. The Ayyubid AI Kamil restores Jerusalem to the Christians. Abu Muhammad dies in Spain and is succeeded by Al Mamun. AI Mamun invades Morocco with Christian help. Yahya is defeated and power is captured by Al Mamun. He denies the Mahdiship of Ibn Tumarat.

1230 End of the Khawarzam Shah rule.

1232 Death of the AI Mohad ruler Idris, accession, of Abdul Wahid II. Assassination of Al Mamun; accession of his son Ar-Rashid.

1234 Death of the Ayyubid ruler AI Kamil, accession of AI Adil.

1236 Death of Delhi Sultan Iltutmish. Accession of Rukn ud Din Feroz Shah.

1237 Accession of Razia Sultana as Delhi Sultan.

1240 Death of Ar-Rashid; accession of his son Abu Said.

1241 Death of Razia Sultana, accession of Bahram Shah.

1242 Death of Bahram Shah, accession of Ala ud Din Masud Shah as Delhi Sultan. Death of the AI Mohad rules Abdul Wahid, accession of Abu Hasan. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustansir, accession of Mustasim.

1243 Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abdul Walid II, accession of

1244 The Al Mohads defeat the Marinids at the battle of Abu Bayash. The Marinids evacuate Morocco.

1245 The Muslims reconquer Jerusalem.

1246 Death of the Delhi Sultan Ala ud Din Masud Shah, accession of Nasir ud Din Mahmud Shah.

1248 Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abul Hasan, accession of Omar Murtaza. Abu Said attacks Tlemsen, but is ambushed and killed; accession of his son Murtada.

1250 The Marinids return to Morocco, and occupy a greater part thereof.

1258 The Mongols sack (destroy) Baghdad. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustasim. End of the Abbasid rule. Fall of Baghdad, end of the Abbasid caliphate. The Mongol II-Khans under Halaku establish their rule in Iran and Iraq with the capital at Maragah. Berek Khan the Muslim chief of the Golden Horde protests against the treatment meted out to the Abbasid Caliph and withdraws his Contingent from Baghdad.

1259 Abu Abdullah the Hafsid ruler declares himself as the Caliph and assumes th
e name of AI Mustamir.

1260 Battle of Ayn Jalut in Syria. The Mongols are defeated by the Mamluks of Egypt, and the spell of the invincibility of the Mongols is broken. Baybars becomes the Mamluk Sultan.

1262 Death of Bahauddin Zikriya in Multan who is credited with the introduction of the Suhrawardi Sufi order in the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent.

1265 Death of Halaku (åáÇßæ ). Death of Fariduddin Ganj Shakkar the Chishti saint of the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent.

1266 Death of Berek Khan the first ruler of the Golden Horde to be converted to Islam. The eighth crusade. The crusaders invade Tunisia. Failure of the crusade.

1267 Malik ul Salih establishes the first Muslim state of Samudra Pasai in Indonesia. Murtada seeks the help of the Christians, and the Spaniards invade Morocco. The Marinids drive away the Spaniards from Morocco. Assassination of Murtada; accession of Abu Dabbas.

1269 Abu Dabbas is overthrown by the Marinida, End of the Al Mohads. End of the rule of the AI Mohads in Morocco , the Marinids come to power in Morocco under Abu Yaqub.

1270 Death of Mansa Wali the founder of the Muslim rule in Mali.

1272 Death of Muhammad I the founder of the state of Granada. Yaghmurason invades Morocco but meets a reverse at the battle

1273 Death of Jalaluddin Rumi.

1274 Death of Nasiruddin Tusi. The Marinids wrest Sijilmasa from the Zayenids. Ninth crusade under Edward I of England . The crusade ends in fiasco and Edward returns to England.

1277 Death of Baybars.

1280 Battle of Hims.

1283 Death of Yaghmurasan. Accession of his son Usman.

1285 Tunisis splits in Tunis and Bougie.

1286 Death of Ghiasuddin Balban. Death of Abu Yusuf Yaqub. Bughra Khan declares his independence in Bengal under the name of Nasiruddin.

1290 End of the slave dynasty Jalaluddin Khilji comes into power. Usman embarks on a career of conquest and by 1290 C.E. most of the Central Maghreb is conquered by the Zayanids.

1291 Saadi.

1296 Alauddin Ghazan converted to Islam.

1299 Mongols invade Syria. The Marinids besiege Tlemsen the capital of the Zayanids.

1301 In Bengal, Death of Ruknuddin the king of Bengal, succeeded by brother Shamsuddin Firuz.

1302 In Granada, Death of Muhammad II; succession of Muhammad III.

1304 In the Mongols II Khans Empire, Death of Ghazan, succession of his brother Khudabanda Ul Jaytu. In Algeria, Death of Usman, succession of his son Abu Zayan Muhammad.

1305 In the Khiljis Empire, Alauddin Khilji conquers Rajputana.

1306 In the Chughills Empire, Death of Dava, succession of his son Kunjuk.

1307 In the Marinids Empire, Assassination of the Marinid Sultan Abu Yaqub Yusuf; accession of Abu Thabit

1308 In the Chughills Empire, Deposition of Kunjuk, power captured by Taliku. In Algeria, Death of Abu Zayan Muhammad, succession of his brother Abu Hamuw Musa. In the Marinids Empire, Abu Thabit overthrown by Abu Rabeah Sulaiman.

1309 In the Chughills Empire, Assassination of Taliku, accession of Kubak. In Granada, Muhammad III overthrown by his uncle Abul Juyush Nasr.

1310 In the Chughills Empire, Kubak overthrown by his brother Isan Buga. In the Marinids Empire, Abu Rabeah Sulaiman overthrown by Abu Said Usman. In the Khiljis Empire, Alauddin conquers Deccan.

1312 In Tunisia, In Tunis Abul Baqa is overthrown by Al Lihiani.

1313 In the Mongols II Khans Empire, Invasion of Syria, the Mongols repulsed. In the Golden Horde Empire, Death of Toktu, accession of his nephew Uzbeg.

1314 In Kashmir, Rainchan an adventurer from Baltistan overthrows Sinha Deva the Raja of Kashmir. Rainchan is converted to Islam and adopts the name of Sadrud Din. In Granada, Abul Juyush overthrown by his nephew Abul Wahid Ismail.

1315 In Tunisia, War between Bougie and Tunis, Lihani defeated and killed. Abu Bakr becomes the ruler of Bougie and Tunis.

1316 In the Mongols II Khans Empire, Death of Khudabanda Ul Jaytu, succession of Abu Said. In the Khiljis Empire, Death of Alauddin, accession of Shahabuddin Umar, usurpation of power by Malik Kafur, a Hindu convert.

1318 In the Khiljis Empire, Assassination of Malik Kafur, deposition of Shahabuddin Umar, accession of Qutbuddin Mubarak. In the Chughills Empire, Isan Buga overthrown by Kubak.

1320 In the Khiljis Empire, Assassination of Qutbuddin Mubarak, usurpation of power by Khusro Khan a Hindu convert. Khusro Khan overthrown by Ghazi Malik. End of the rule of Khiljis. In Tunisia, Abu Bakr expelled from Tunis by Abu Imran. In the Tughluqs Empire, Ghazi Malik founds the rule of the Tughluq dynasty.

1321 In the Chughills Empire, Death of Kubak, succession of Hebbishsi who is overthrown by Dava Temur.

1322 In the Chughills Empire, Dava Temur overthrown by Tarmashirin, who is converted to Islam. In Bengal, Death of Shamsuddin Firuz. The kingdom divided into two parts. Ghiasuddin Bahadur became the ruler of East Bengal with the capital at Sonargaon, Shahabuddin became the ruler of West Bengal with the capital at Lakhnauti.

1324 In Bengal, Shahabuddin dies and is succeeded by his brother Nasiruddin.

1325 In the Tughluqs Empire, Death of Ghazi Malik (Ghiasuddin Tughluq); accession of his son Muhammad Tughluq. In Granada, Assassination of Abul Wahid Ismail, succession of his son Muhammad IV. Assassination of Muhammad IV. Accession of his brother Abul Hallaj Yusuf. In the Samudra Pasai Empire, Death of Malik al Tahir I, accession of Malik al Tahir II. In Bengal, With the help of Ghiasuddin Tughluq, Nasiruddin over-throws. Ghiasuddin Bahadur and he becomes the ruler of United Bengal.

1326 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Death of Usman, succession of Orkhan. Orkhan conquers Bursa and makes it his capital.

1327 In the Ottoman (Usman) Turks Empire, The Turks capture the city of Nicaea.

1329 In the Tughluqs Empire, Muhammad Tughluq shifts the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in Deccan.

1330 In the Chughills Empire, Death of Tramashirin, succession of Changshahi. Amir Hussain establishes the rule of the Jalayar dynasty at Baghdad. In Tunisia, Abu Bakr overthrows Abu Imran and the state is again united, under him. In Bengal, Muhammad bin Tughluq reverses the policy of his father and restores Ghiasuddin Bahadur to the throne of Sonargeon.